On This Day in History — October 1

Highlights of October 1

• 2022 — One hundred and thirty-five were killed in a human crush following a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in East Java, Indonesia. . Read more
• 2018 — The International Court of Justice ruled that Chile was under no obligation to restore Bolivia's access to the Pacific Ocean, which it had lost in the 19th century. Read more
• 2017 — A lone gunman fired more than 1,000 rounds of ammunition from his hotel suite on a crowd attending the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip, resulting in 60 deaths and 867 injuries. Read more
• 2012 — A ferry collision off Lamma Island, Hong Kong, killed 39 people and injured 92 others. Read more
• 2003 — A levy was imposed on the hiring of foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong, who numbered in the hundreds of thousands at the time. Read more
• 1998 — Europol, the EU's law enforcement agency, was formed with the ratification of the Europol Convention by all member states. Read more
• 1994 — A tribunal was established to consider matters relating to the constitution of Singapore upon referral by the president. Read more
• 1991 — Croatian War of Independence: Yugoslav People's Army forces invaded the area surrounding Dubrovnik, Croatia, beginning a seven-month siege of the city. Read more
• 1990 — Fifty Rwandan Patriotic Front rebels deserted their Ugandan Army posts and crossed the border from Uganda into Rwanda, marking the start of the Rwandan Civil War. Read more
• 1989 — Civil unions between same-sex couples were legalised in Denmark, the first country to do so. Read more
• 1978 — Tuvalu adopted its national flag (pictured) on the day that the country gained its independence. Read more
• 1975 — In boxing, Muhammad Ali defeated Joe Frazier in a match known as the "Thrilla in Manila". Read more
• 1965 — Seven Indonesian National Armed Forces officers, six of them generals, were murdered at dawn by a rebellious force in Jakarta; the Army then blamed the Communist Party, leading to a mass anti-communist purge that killed up to one million people. Read more
• 1964 — The Free Speech Movement was launched at the University of California, Berkeley, when a crowd of 3,000 students prevented police from transporting Jack Weinberg away after his arrest. Read more
• 1949 — Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong publicly proclaimed (pictured) the establishment of the People's Republic of China in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. Read more
• 1946 — Mensa, the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world, was formed in the United Kingdom. Read more
• 1918 — First World War: British and Arab troops captured Damascus from the Ottoman Empire. Read more
• 1906 — A deputation of Muslim leaders led by the Aga Khan III met Indian viceroy Lord Minto to secure greater political representation, eventually leading to the founding of the All-India Muslim League. Read more
• 1891 — Stanford University, founded by railroad magnate and politician Leland Stanford and his wife Jane in Palo Alto, California, admitted its first students. Read more
• 1890 — At the encouragement of preservationist John Muir and writer Robert Underwood Johnson, the U.S. Congress established Yosemite National Park in California. Read more
• 1868 — St Pancras railway station (pictured) in London, now the terminus of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, opened to the public. Read more
• 1832 — The first political gathering of colonists (president pictured) in Mexican Texas convened to seek reforms from the Mexican government. Read more
• 1800 — With the signing of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France in return for territories in the Italian region of Tuscany. Read more
• 1386 — The Wonderful Parliament met at Westminster Abbey to address King Richard II's need for money, but soon changed focus to the reform of his administration. Read more
• 959 — Edgar acceded to the English throne upon the death of his brother Eadwig. Read more

Events

• 2024 — Israel invaded Southern Lebanon, marking the fifth Israeli invasion of Lebanon since 1978. Read more
• 2022 — One hundred and thirty-five are killed in a human crush following a football match at Kanjuruhan Stadium in East Java, Indonesia. Read more
• 2021 — The 2020 World Expo in Dubai begins. Its opening was originally scheduled for 20 October 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Read more
• 2019 — Kuopio school stabbing: One dies and ten are injured when Joel Marin, armed with a sabre, attacks a school class at Savo Vocational College in Kuopio, Finland. Read more
• 2018 — The International Court of Justice rules that Chile is not obliged to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean with Bolivia. Read more
• 2017 — An independence referendum, later declared illegal by the Constitutional Court of Spain, takes place in Catalonia. Read more
• 2017 — Sixty people are killed and 867 others injured in a mass shooting at a country music festival at the Las Vegas Strip in the United States; the gunman, Stephen Paddock, later commits suicide. Read more
• 2016 — The leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Pedro Sánchez, resigns. He would return to the position a year later. Read more
• 2015 — A gunman kills nine people at a community college in Oregon. Read more
• 2015 — Heavy rains trigger a major landslide in Guatemala, killing 280 people. Read more
• 2015 — The American cargo vessel SS El Faro sinks with all of its 33 crew after steaming into the eyewall of Hurricane Joaquin. Read more
• 2014 — A series of explosions at a gunpowder plant in Bulgaria completely destroys the factory, killing 15 people. Read more
• 2014 — A double bombing of an elementary school in Homs, Syria kills over 50 people. Read more
• 2012 — A ferry collision off the coast of Hong Kong kills 38 people and injures 102 others. Read more
• 2009 — The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom takes over the judicial functions of the House of Lords. Read more
• 2003 — The popular and controversial English-language imageboard 4chan is launched. Read more
• 2001 — Militants attack the state legislature building in Kashmir, killing 38. Read more
• 2001 — 3G wireless technology first becomes available when it is adopted by Japanese telecommunications company NTT Docomo. Read more
• 2000 — Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Palestinians protest the killing of 12-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah by Israeli police in northern Israel, beginning the "October 2000 events". Read more
• 1994 — Palau enters a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Read more
• 1991 — Croatian War of Independence: The Siege of Dubrovnik begins. Read more
• 1989 — Denmark introduces the world's first legal same-sex registered partnerships. Read more
• 1987 — The 5.9 Mw Whittier Narrows earthquake shakes the San Gabriel Valley with a Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing eight and injuring 200. Read more
• 1985 — Israel-Palestinian conflict: Israel attacks the Palestine Liberation Organization's Tunisia headquarters during Operation Wooden Leg. Read more
• 1982 — Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a constructive vote of no confidence. Read more
• 1982 — EPCOT Center (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow) opens at Walt Disney World in Florida. Read more
• 1982 — Sony and Phillips launch the compact disc in Japan; on the same day, Sony releases the model CDP-101 compact disc player, the first player of its kind. Read more
• 1979 — Pope John Paul II begins his first pastoral visit to the United States. Read more
• 1979 — The MTR, Hong Kong's rapid transit railway system, opens. Read more
• 1978 — Tuvalu gains independence from the United Kingdom. Read more
• 1975 — Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines. Read more
• 1971 — Walt Disney World opens near Orlando, Florida. Read more
• 1971 — The first practical CT scanner is used to diagnose a patient. Read more
• 1969 — Concorde breaks the sound barrier for the first time. Read more
• 1968 — Guyana nationalizes the British Guiana Broadcasting Service, which would eventually become part of the National Communications Network, Guyana. Read more
• 1966 — West Coast Airlines Flight 956 crashes with no survivors in Oregon. This accident marks the first loss of a DC-9. Read more
• 1965 — At dawn, seven Indonesian Army officers and a police inspector were assassinated by the September 30 Movement at Lubang Buaya, East Jakarta. In addition, two more officers were killed in Yogyakarta. The Army pinned the murders to the Communist Party of Indonesia, resulting in mass killings of suspected leftists. Read more
• 1964 — The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley. Read more
• 1964 — Japanese Shinkansen ("bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka. Read more
• 1963 — On its third anniversary as an independent nation, Nigeria became a republic. Read more
• 1962 — James Meredith becomes the first African American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Read more
• 1961 — The United States Defense Intelligence Agency is formed, becoming the country's first centralized military intelligence organization. Read more
• 1961 — East and West Cameroon merge to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. Read more
• 1961 — The CTV Television Network, Canada's first private television network, is launched. Read more
• 1960 — Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom. Read more
• 1958 — The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics is replaced by NASA. Read more
• 1957 — The motto In God We Trust first appears on U.S. paper currency. Read more
• 1955 — The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is established. Read more
• 1953 — Andhra State is formed, consisting of a Telugu-speaking area carved out of India's Madras State. Read more
• 1953 — A United States-South Korea mutual defense treaty is concluded in Washington, D.C. Read more
• 1949 — The People's Republic of China is established. Read more
• 1947 — The North American F-86 Sabre flies for the first time. Read more
• 1946 — Nazi leaders are sentenced at the Nuremberg trials. Read more
• 1946 — The Daegu October incident occurs in Allied-occupied Korea. Read more
• 1943 — World War II: After the Four Days of Naples, Allied troops enter the city. Read more
• 1942 — World War II: USS Grouper torpedoes Lisbon Maru, not knowing that she is carrying British prisoners of war from Hong Kong. Read more
• 1940 — The Pennsylvania Turnpike, often considered the first superhighway in the United States, opens to traffic. Read more
• 1939 — World War II: After a one-month siege, German troops occupy Warsaw. Read more
• 1938 — Pursuant to the Munich Agreement signed the day before, Nazi Germany begins the military occupation and annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. Read more
• 1936 — Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain. Read more

Born on October 1

• 2006 — Priah Ferguson, American actress Read more
• 2003 — Fernando Mendoza, American football player Read more
• 2002 — Livvy Dunne, American gymnast and social media personality Read more
• 2001 — Luna Blaise, American actress and singer Read more
• 2001 — Mason Greenwood, English footballer Read more
• 2000 — Kalle Rovanperä, Finnish professional rally driver Read more
• 1998 — Daniel Gafford, American basketball player Read more
• 1998 — Haumole Olakau'atu, Australian-Tongan rugby league player Read more
• 1997 — Jade Bird, English singer, songwriter, and musician Read more
• 1994 — Trézéguet, Egyptian footballer Read more
• 1993 — Chris Green, South African-Australian cricketer Read more
• 1993 — Lizaad Williams, South African cricketer Read more
• 1992 — Xander Bogaerts, Aruban baseball player Read more
• 1991 — Robbie Ray, American baseball player Read more
• 1991 — Jennifer Dodds, Scottish curler Read more
• 1990 — Pedro Filipe Mendes, Portuguese footballer Read more
• 1990 — Albert Prosa, Estonian footballer Read more
• 1989 — Brie Larson, American actress Read more
• 1987 — Hiroki Aiba, Japanese actor and singer Read more
• 1987 — Mitchell Aubusson, Australian rugby league player Read more
• 1987 — Matthew Daddario, American actor Read more
• 1987 — Gibran Rakabuming Raka, Indonesian businessman and politician, 14th Vice President of Indonesia Read more
• 1986 — Sayaka Kanda, Japanese actress and singer (died 2021) Read more
• 1986 — Jurnee Smollett, American actress Read more
• 1985 — Nazimuddin Ahmed, Bangladeshi cricketer Read more
• 1984 — Beck Bennett, American actor and comedian Read more
• 1984 — Matt Cain, American baseball player Read more
• 1983 — Mohamed Abdelwahab, Egyptian footballer (died 2006) Read more
• 1983 — Mirko Vučinić, Montenegrin footballer Read more
• 1981 — Júlio Baptista, Brazilian footballer Read more
• 1981 — Tom Donnelly, New Zealand rugby player Read more
• 1981 — Johnny Oduya, Swedish ice hockey player Read more
• 1980 — Sarah Drew, American actress Read more
• 1980 — Antonio Narciso, Italian footballer Read more
• 1979 — Curtis Axel, American wrestler Read more
• 1979 — Rudi Johnson, American football player (died 2025) Read more
• 1979 — Gilberto Martínez, Costa Rican footballer Read more
• 1979 — Ryan Pontbriand, American football player Read more
• 1978 — Nicole Atkins, American singer-songwriter Read more
• 1976 — Denis Gauthier, Canadian ice hockey player Read more

Died on October 1

• 2025 — Jane Goodall, English primatologist (born 1934) Read more
• 2024 — Michael Ancram, English lawyer and politician (born 1945) Read more
• 2023 — Tim Wakefield, American professional baseball player (born 1966) Read more
• 2022 — Antonio Inoki, Japanese professional wrestler and politician (born 1943) Read more
• 2019 — Karel Gott, Czech singer (born 1939) Read more
• 2018 — Charles Aznavour, French-Armenian singer, composer, writer, filmmaker and public figure (born 1924) Read more
• 2017 — Stephen Paddock, American mass murderer (born 1953) Read more
• 2017 — Dave Strader, American sportscaster (born 1955) Read more
• 2015 — Božo Bakota, Croatian footballer (born 1950) Read more
• 2015 — Don Edwards, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (born 1915) Read more
• 2015 — Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (born 1985) Read more
• 2015 — Jacob Pressman, American rabbi and academic, co-founder of American Jewish University (born 1919) Read more
• 2014 — Lynsey de Paul, English singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress (born 1948) Read more
• 2014 — Shlomo Lahat, Israeli general and politician (born 1927) Read more
• 2014 — José Martínez, Cuban-American baseball player and coach (born 1942) Read more
• 2014 — Robert Serra, Venezuelan criminologist and politician (born 1987) Read more
• 2013 — Arnold Burns, American lawyer, politician, and 21st United States Deputy Attorney General (born 1930) Read more
• 2013 — Tom Clancy, American author (born 1947) Read more
• 2013 — Imero Fiorentino, American lighting designer (born 1928) Read more
• 2013 — Israel Gutman, Polish-Israeli historian and author (born 1923) Read more
• 2013 — Ole Danbolt Mjøs, Norwegian physician, academic, and politician (born 1939) Read more
• 2013 — Jim Rountree, American football player and coach (born 1936) Read more
• 2012 — Octavio Getino, Spanish-Argentinian director and screenwriter (born 1935) Read more
• 2012 — Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-English historian and author (born 1917) Read more
• 2012 — Mark R. Kravitz, American lawyer and judge (born 1950) Read more
• 2012 — Moshe Sanbar, Hungarian-Israeli economist and banker (born 1926) Read more
• 2012 — Shlomo Venezia, Greek-Italian Holocaust survivor and author (born 1923) Read more
• 2011 — Sven Tumba, Swedish ice hockey player and golfer (born 1931) Read more
• 2010 — Ian Buxton, English footballer and cricketer (born 1938) Read more
• 2009 — Cintio Vitier, Cuban poet and author (born 1921) Read more
• 2008 — John Biddle, American cinematographer (born 1925) Read more
• 2007 — Ronnie Hazlehurst, English conductor and composer (born 1928) Read more
• 2007 — Chris Mainwaring, Australian footballer and journalist (born 1965) Read more
• 2007 — Al Oerter, American discus thrower (born 1936) Read more
• 2006 — Fawaz al-Rabeiee, Saudi Arabian terrorist (born 1979) Read more
• 2006 — Jerald Tanner, American author and activist (born 1938) Read more
• 2004 — Richard Avedon, American photographer (born 1923) Read more
• 2004 — Bruce Palmer, Canadian bass player (born 1946) Read more
• 2004 — Robert Vaidlo, Estonian journalist and author (born 1921) Read more
• 2002 — Walter Annenberg, American publisher and diplomat (born 1908) Read more

Holidays & observances

Armed Forces Day (South Korea); Beginning of the United States' Fiscal Year; Children's Day (El Salvador, Guatemala, Sri Lanka); Christian feast day: Abai (Syriac Orthodox Church); Christian feast day: Bavo of Ghent; Christian feast day: Blessed Edward James; Christian feast day: Nicetius (Roman Catholic Church); Christian feast day: Remigius; Christian feast day: Thérèse of Lisieux; Christian feast day: Protection/Patronage of the Theotokos (Eastern Catholic Churches); Christian feast day: October 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics); Day of Prosecutors (Azerbaijan); Ground Forces Day (Russia); Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Cyprus from United Kingdom in 1960.; Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Nigeria from United Kingdom in 1960.; Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Palau from UN trust territory status in 1994.; Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Tuvalu from United Kingdom in 1978.; International Coffee Day; International Day of Older Persons; Lincolnshire Day (United Kingdom); National Day of the People's Republic of China (People's Republic of China); Pancasila Sanctity Day (Indonesia); Tampere Day (Finland); Teacher's Day (Uzbekistan); Unification Day (Cameroon); Defender of Ukraine Day (Ukraine)

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